festinger and carlsmith experiment quizletis it ok to give nexgard early

0000094931 00000 n In a classic piece of cognitive dissonance research, researchers assigned students to different sides of a debate about the merits of college football. But nevertheless, the possibility exists that the Ss n the One Dollar condition may have improvised more. experiment. endobj 2. Results and Conclusions - Festinger-Carlsmith bringing diverse groups of people into contact with each other. Cognitive dissonance is one form of social comparison. (The secretary had left the office.) Thus, with self-selection of who did and who did not make the required overt statement and with varying percentages of subjects in the different conditions who did make the requsted statement, no interpretation of the data can be unequivocal. (p.47) Which of the following was a finding in the classic study by Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)? Ben Franklin gave some peculiar advice that makes sense in the context of cognitive dissonance theory. Hoffer, E. (1951) The True Believer. If you have a negative attitude toward something, but you behave like you enjoy it, this causes dissonance. The same logic applies to selfish concerns such as getting other people to respect you. Like Explorable? 0000000609 00000 n Doing so, they started to identify with the arguments and accept them as their own. Please select the correct language below. These made them question what the real purpose of the study is. Scott, W. A. %%EOF In one study, college students liked another student simply because they were told that the other student liked them. Do a site-specific Google search using the box below. The reliabilities of these ratings, that is, the correlations between the two independent raters, ranged from .61 to .88, with an average reliability of .71. This is most like which of the following techniques? The part of a person's self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation, culture, or ethnic group or with gender or other roles in society is called. Festinger observed that the subjects were put in a psychologically uncomfortable position. The experimenter (E) then came in, introducing himself to the S and, together, they walked into the laboratory room where the E said: With no further introduction or explanation the S was shown the first task, which involved putting 12 spools onto a tray, emptying the tray, refilling it with spools, and so on. 0 % The researchers further concluded, with the help of the said results, that with $1, participants found no significant justification thus the occurrence of cognitive dissonance. They will decide they wanted to do it anyway, or that maybe it was a good idea, in retrospect. 2. One might expect: that, in the Twenty Dollar condition, having been paid more, they would try to do a better job of it than in the One Dollar condition. They present some evidence, which is not altogether conclusive, in support of this explanation. In groupthink, members of the group______. The question was included because, as far as we could see, it had nothing to do with the dissonance that was experimentally created and could not be used for dissonance reduction. Sarah found her soul mate, Jon, when she moved to a small town in Florida. The E then removed the tray and spools and placed in front of the S a board containing 48 square pegs. For example, one way would be for the S to magnify for himself the value of the reward he obtained. The opposite of Franklin's principle is described by Eric Hoffer, in The True Believer (1951). Prejudice and discrimination are least likely to develop in which of the following situations? PDF COGNITIVE DISSONANCE - University of Arizona /Parent 45 0 R Evanston, IL: Row & Peterson The students presumably put some effort into building and defending their arguments. At the beginning of the Festinger and Carlsmith experiment, student volunteers were asked to perform a simple and boring task. June 22, 2015 This study involved 71 male students from Stanford University, of which 11 students were disqualified. In order to teach her second grade students about ______, teacher Jane Elliot created in-groups and out-groups based on the superficial characteristic of eye color. Which of the following is not one of the reasons given by the text for interpersonal attraction? In the process, people look at the images portrayed by others as something obtainable and realistic, and subsequently, make comparisons among themselves, others and the idealized images. are learned through experiences and contact with others, Cindy tastes peas for the first time and realizes she does not like them. The content of what the S said after the girl made the above-mentioned remark. . He introduced the girl and the S to one another saying that the S had just finished the experiment and would tell her something about it. 0000001089 00000 n Control condition. [2] All statistical tests referred to in this paper are two-tailed. To which two processes do most social psychologists attribute the failure of Kitty Genovese's neighbors to help her? Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites. The said images can be a reference to physical reality or in comparison to other people. He was told again to use one band and to work at his own speed. To do otherwise would have been to create conflict or dissonance (lack of harmony) between their attitudes and their behavior. Muzafer Sherif et al (1954), Plato, Socrates and Shakespeare endorse a "Tripartite Soul" view of Human Nature. During a class discussion, he hears the first of several speakers express negative attitudes toward spending tax money on prenatal care for the poor. The S worked at this task for another half hour. e_@{:o>A~66O;_w0diF] S X'vk@*g%^?TIg.hi:l'z$-~ >,D tZ)+;=bz-{;(j;C+RC?2jyy.B{WqJx~CaV&+*N4h\2%5$rT `L#%rl2`8tl Ec_\kf"~BY ---------------------References: These Ss were hired for one dollar to tell a waiting S that tasks, which were really rather dull and boring, were interesting, enjoyab1e, and lots of fun. The second area is whether the experiment gave the participant an opportunity to discover their own skills, using the scale of 0 to 10. Let us review these briefly: 1. The resulting dissonance could, of course, most directly be reduced by persuading themselves that the tasks were, indeed, interesting and enjoyable. The stronger the S's positive statements about the tasks, and the more ways in which he said they were interesting and enjoyable, the higher the rating. In the One Dollar condition, since the magnitude of dissonance was high, the pressure to reduce this dissonance would also be high. Which of the following is not an element of social identity theory? Cognitive dissonance theory implies that if you demand respect, you will get it. ________ describes the situation in which people attend to the content of a message. The results are weakly in line with what one would expect if the dissonance were somewhat reduced in this manner. Their attitudes changed to fit their behavior, reducing the uncomfortable feeling of dissonance. You must turn off your ad blocker to use Psych Web; however, we are taking pains to keep advertising minimal and unobtrusive (one ad at the top of each page) so interference to your reading should be minimal. After the debate, students expressed beliefs closer to their debate position than before (Scott, 1957). The amount of money paid the subject was varied. The private opinions of the subjects concerning the experience were then determined. What happens to a person's private opinion if he is forced to do or say something contrary to that opinion? Introducing Cram Folders! PDF Cognitivd Complianc Es Consequence of Force E Hoffer pointed out that, after the Nazis had started persecuting the Jews, it became easier for the average German citizen to hate the Jews. He then said: The E then took the S into the secretary's office where he had previously waited and where the next S was waiting. Festinger and Carlsmith then investigated whether there's a standing evidence of cognitive dissonance where boring tasks were seen as enjoyable. Forced compliance theory - Wikipedia There is perhaps no surer way of infecting ourselves with virulent hatred toward a person than by doing him a grave injustice. endobj Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association, Conformity In The Stanford Prison Experiment, Stereotypes: The Role Of Discrimination In Social Groups, Summary Of Stereotypes That Affect Social Interaction. /Resources 50 0 R In short, when an S was induced, by offer of reward, to say something contrary to his private opinion, this private opinion tended to change so as to correspond more closely with what he had said. When she gets up to play it at the recital in front of 100 people, she preforms it better than she ever has. Which of the following researchers conducted a series of studies on conformity that involved having a subject judge the length of three lines after a group of confederates all reported an obviously incorrect answer? While watching the TV game show Jeopardy, your roommate says, "The game show host, Alex Trebek, knows all the answers. Leon Festinger's 1957 cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we act to reduce the disharmony, or dissonance, of our conflicting feelings. Once a situation has been defined as an emergency, the next step in the decision-making process is_______. Chris is showing, Carol is told by a police officer to move her car, and she does so. A fraction of the subjects were thanked and let go after being interviewed by another experimenter regarding ways on how the presentation of the boring tasks can be improved for future purposes. Two derivations from this theory are tested here. Add to folder After two minutes the E returned, asked the girl to go into the experimental room, thanked the S for talking to the girl, wrote down his phone number to continue the fiction that we might call on him again in the future and then said: "Look, could we check and see if that fellow from introductory psychology wants to talk to you?". Five Ss (three in the One Dollar and two in the Twenty Dollar condition) indicated in the interview that they were suspicious about having been paid to tell the girl the experiment was fun and suspected that that was the real purpose of the experiment. How do we explain this? Recently Festinger (1957) proposed a theory concerning cognitive dissonance from which come a number of derivations about opinion change following forced compliance. Comparison of the effectiveness of improvised versus non-improvised role-playing in producing opinion change. They were not paid anything or paid 1 dollar or 20 dollars. Explanation: In the experiment Festinger and Carlsmith asked the participants to do a dull task. He called it the Sacrifice Trap: If we once start making sacrifices for anythinga family, a religion, or a nationwe find that we cannot admit to ourselves that the sacrifices have been in vain without a threat to our personal identity. This has many practical implications. xc```c``Ab,@rb0Sb3``!`m@y"f@00]`ah|GC "$ Relat., 1953, 6, 185-214. The behavioral component of prejudice is______. 2. Which of the following does NOT represent an effective method for reducing prejudice? The three components of attitude are _____, thoughts, and actions. Ashley has practiced her drum routine over and over. If no factors other than his private opinion are considered it would follow, at least in our culture, that if he believes "X" he would publicly state "X." Festinger and Carlsmith had cleverly set up an opposition between behavioral theory, which was dominant in the 1950s, and Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory. The greater the reward offered (beyond what was necessary to elicit the behavior) the smaller was the effect. :>"we>WN,}Arj*L^{l"C9](j0xfyK.1^8 jKbE#/`^%]Ply48o~9cw+ecw/j;k`t)# -3ffua0D@~1` cp \nO7uF& o>u$]oK' 2WBxK>rVyRZ 7%M6xdKmUD}],'WpaB2t$t@^K,JLiM 6H] WA@'n. When it is his turn to speak, he voices an opinion more in keeping with the previous speakers. One way in which the dissonance can be reduced is for the person to change his private opinion so as to bring it into correspondence with what he has said. How can you get someone to like you, according to Ben Franklin? You tell your roommate she probably would not have said that if she had attended class the day the instructor discussed the topic of. Cries for help, shouting, and loud noises all help with which step in the decision process for helping? The fact that a social role can lead to an increase in aggressive behavior points to _____as a major contributor to aggression. Which of the following has been shown to be true concerning the "teachers" in Milgram's experiment?

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