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In addition, fossils of potential Cocos ancestors have been recovered from both Colombia and India. [150] Its chronic consumption may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases by raising total blood cholesterol levels through elevated blood levels of LDL cholesterol and lauric acid. The Coconut Research Center describes the nut as rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals with oil comprising mainly medium-chain fatty acids. If the juice does not taste fresh, throw the coconut away. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Coconut oil is commonly used in cooking, especially for frying. This, together with their use of the South American sweet potato, suggests that Austronesian peoples may have sailed as far east as the Americas. [49][4] Indo-Atlantic type coconuts were also later spread by Arab and South Asian traders along the Indian Ocean basin, resulting in limited admixture with Pacific coconuts introduced earlier to Madagascar and the Comoros via the ancient Austronesian maritime trade network. "It made sense" to bring the affair to . The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosperm so that it remains soft and this has become the characteristic of the nut. Coconut timber comes from the trunk, and is increasingly being used as an ecologically sound substitute for endangered hardwoods. It contains acids like ascorbic acid (a form of vitamin C), nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3 and vitamin PP) and riboflavin (vitamin B2). The world coir production is 0.282 million tones. HE Moore Jr, NW Uhl. (2006). Stem Aerial, erect, unbranched and columnar, having prominent scars of leaf bases. It has great demand in confectionary and other good industries. In the 18th century, Belize exported dried coconuts to Britain to produce food . Coconuts were first domesticated by the Austronesian peoples in Island Southeast Asia and were spread during the Neolithic via their seaborne migrations as far east as the Pacific Islands, and as far west as Madagascar and the Comoros. However their original distribution was in the Central Indo-Pacific, in the regions of Maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. coconut, edible fruit of the coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera ), a tree of the palm family (Arecaceae). Coconut milk contains 5% to 20% fat, while coconut cream contains around 20% to 50% fat. As an abrasive,[156] a dried half coconut shell with husk can be used to buff floors. This basically turns the trunk of the tree into a ladder, though it reduces the value of coconut timber recovered from the trees and can be an entry point for infection. It kills bacteria in the mouth and reduces bad breath. It is also often stated that coconuts can travel 110 days, or 5,000km (3,000mi), by sea and still be able to germinate. A coconut (Sanskrit: narikela) is an essential element of rituals in Hindu tradition. The coconut is a versatile and valuable crop, with a range of uses that contribute to both local and global economies. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. The Coconut Palm (Cocos Nucifera L.) is referred as The Tree of Life due to its incredible value to man and the incredible number of products and by-products that can be created from it. Copyright 2023 Cocoanesia. It provides the hair with natural shine and softness. Its meat fills the entire interior of the coconut shell, rather than just the inner surfaces. For example, the Polynesian and Melanesian term niu; Tagalog and Chamorro term niyog; and the Malay word nyiur or nyior. According to the Just Change Trust in India, over 500 million coconut palms are cultivated in tropical regions, where coconuts are the prime source of fats and protein for more than 400 million people. 37(9):830-5, 2004. [49][18][61], The niu kafa form is the wild ancestral type, with thick husks to protect the seed, an angular, highly ridged shape to promote buoyancy during ocean dispersal, and a pointed base that allowed fruits to dig into the sand, preventing them from being washed away during germination on a new island. The decreased buoyancy and increased fragility of this spherical, thin-husked fruit would not matter for a species that had started to be dispersed by humans and grown in plantations. Self Magazine. Coconuts are commonly grown around the northern coast of Australia, and in some warmer parts of New South Wales. Coconut is the environment friendly small-holder palm of the tropical environment, Covering 12.28 million hectares in 90 countries with an annual production of 64.3 billion nuts, Coconut provides USD$ 7.73 Billion per annum to global coconut small holders. Other types of large trees produce a single downward-growing tap root with a number of feeder roots growing from it. The coconut industry is an important pillar of Philippine agriculture. The fresh kernel includes moisture 45% protein, 4%, fat 37%, minerals 4% and carbohydrates 10%. Because coconut milk and oil nourish skin, moisturizing, restorative, vitality to skin, has a radiant effect. [92][93][94] Training schools for pig-tailed macaques still exist both in southern Thailand and in the Malaysian state of Kelantan. They are also used as a garnish for various dishes, as in klepon and puto bumbong. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. in semiotics from Brown University and completed coursework for an M.A. Specimens have been collected from the sea as far north as Norway (but it is not known where they entered the water). [107] The annual rainy season known locally as khareef or monsoon makes coconut cultivation easy on the Arabian east coast. [14][15], The interior of the endocarp is hollow and is lined with a thin brown seed coat around 0.2mm (164in) thick. 50 % of existing coconut palms have passed their economic bearing age (60 years) and are due for replanting, around 900 million coconut seedlings are required at a value of USD$ 2.7 Billion to secure a sustainable future for the global coconut estate. econom y of Sri Lanka. [71] They have been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America for less than 500 years (the Caribbean native inhabitants do not have a dialect term for them, but use the Portuguese name), but evidence of their presence on the Pacific coast of South America antedates Columbus's arrival in the Americas. 1) Coconut Water: It is liquid endosperm. What happens to your body if you drink coconut water everyday? Few plants are as versatile as the coconut. Since these fruits are likewise high in fat, they can help your body absorb fat-soluble nutrients, including vitamins A, D, E, and K. Coconut is the fruit of the coconut palm. [18][19][20] While there is a concentration of coconut plantations in the coastal regions of the country, it is also grown in the hinterlands where the agro-climatic requirements of coconut cultivation are met. Spraying with wettable sulfur 0.4% or with Neem-based pesticides can give some relief, but is cumbersome and labor-intensive. Only a few of the roots penetrate deep into the soil for stability. In Kerala, India, the main coconut pests are the coconut mite, the rhinoceros beetle, the red palm weevil, and the coconut leaf caterpillar. There are currently two major viewpoints on the origins of the genus Cocos, one in the Indo-Pacific, and another in South America. Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut HarvestersM Bertrand; Science; Jan 1967. [112], In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration declared that coconut must be disclosed as an ingredient on package labels as a "tree nut" with potential allergenicity. The coconut has cultural and religious significance in certain societies, particularly in the Western Pacific Austronesian cultures where it features in their mythologies, songs, and oral traditions. Indo-Atlantic coconuts were also introduced into the Atlantic Ocean by Portuguese ships from their colonies in coastal India and Sri Lanka; first being introduced to coastal West Africa, then onwards into the Caribbean and the east coast of Brazil. [79][80][81], To avoid this, coconuts workers in the Philippines and Guam traditionally use bolos tied with a rope to the waist to cut grooves at regular intervals on the coconut trunks. Virgin coconut oil (VCO), extracted from fresh coconut kernel using the cold press method, that produces the finest and purest grade coconut oil with maximum retention of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and anti-oxidants, thus making it the mother of all oils. And no coconut can float over the sea faster than a balsa raft moves with the wind behind it. In Belize, coconuts are grown countrywide. "[117] In the coconut industry, coconut meat can be classified loosely into three different types depending on maturity namely "Malauhog", "Malakanin" and "Malakatad". [40], Carl Linnaeus first wanted to name the coconut genus Coccus from latinizing the Portuguese word coco, because he saw works of other botanists in middle of the 17th century use the name as well. [103] Other states, such as Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal, and those in the northeast (Tripura and Assam) account for the remaining productions. China is the largest producer of watermelon, Brazil of oranges, Italy of grapes and India of bananas. The importance of the coconut in Austronesian cultures is evidenced by shared terminology of even very specific parts and uses of coconuts, which were carried outwards from the Philippines during the Austronesian migrations. [171] Often it is decorated with bright metal foils and other symbols of auspiciousness. Coconuts only came into prominence as an important food item after the 1860s and this was largely due to its use by the Indian indentured immigrants who had replaced the slaves on the plantations and who had used coconuts in a variety of ways in their native land. Choti Holi, also known as Holika Dahan, is an important Hindu festival celebrated throughout India, one day before the main Holi festival. Grated coconut that is dehydrated by drying or baking is known as "desiccated coconut." June 14, 2022; ushl assistant coach salary . The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. It contributes 2 per cent to Sri Lankas GDP, 2.5 per cent to export earnings and 5 per cent to employment. Corrections? Miami is the only city outside of Greenwich, Connecticut, where the organization hosts an event. More recently, genomic analysis of cultivated coconut (C.nucifera L.) has shed light on the movement. The various products of Coconut include tender Coconut water, copra, Coconut oil, raw [164] The smell of coconuts comes from the 6-pentyloxan-2-one molecule, known as -decalactone in the food and fragrance industries. [84] Modern methods use hydraulic elevators mounted on tractors or ladders. Coconuts probably originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya and are one of the most important crops of the tropics. Domesticated coconuts also have more amounts of coconut water. [101], Coconut flour has also been developed for use in baking, to combat malnutrition. Nearly one third of the world's population depends on coconut for nutrition and trade. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. 2017-08-20 10:24:51. However, to exploit these opportunities there must be synergy created among private sector, public sector, research, technical actors and alignment of resources, objectives and targets," Mr Ferretti had remarked in his roadmap presentation. ", "Structure and Function of the Haustorim in Germinating Coconut Palm Seed", "Fossil fruit of Cocos L. (Arecaceae) from Maastrichtian-Danian sediments of central India and its phytogeographical significance", "An update of monocot macrofossil data from New Zealand and Australia", "A Fossil Coconut Fruit from the Early Eocene of Gujarat", "Long-distance dispersal of the coconut palm by migration within the coral atoll ecosystem", "Independent Origins of Cultivated Coconut (, "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion", "Coconuts: not indigenous, but quite at home nevertheless", "An early sophisticated East Polynesian voyaging canoe discovered on New Zealand's coast", "Germination rate is the significant characteristic determining coconut palm diversity", "Deep history of coconuts decoded: Origins of cultivation, ancient trade routes, and colonization of the Americas", "Complete sequence and comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome of coconut palm (, The Coconut Odyssey the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, "Report: 26 provinces quarantined for coconut pest", "Coconut production in 2019, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)", "Petenes mangroves: types and severity of threats", "Health of coconut tree climbers of rural southern India medical emergencies, body mass index and occupational marks: A quantitative and survey study", "Philippine coconut industry: No monkey business here", "The Chemistry of Coconut Milk and Cream", "New mechanical coconut climbing device developed", "A study on skills for trade and economic diversification (STED) in the non-traditional coconut export sectors of the Philippines". Gasa suggested, for lack of paper, delivering by dugout canoe a message inscribed on a husked coconut shell, reading Nauru Isl commander / native knows posit / he can pilot / 11 alive need small boat / Kennedy.[159] This coconut was later kept on the president's desk, and is now in the John F. Kennedy Library. [7] A frayed piece of root can also be used as a toothbrush. The endocarp or shell is used for fuel for making shell charcoal, activated carbon etc. [120] They can also be determined traditionally by tapping on the coconut fruit. 3rd Floor, St Patricks Complex, Brigade Road, Is eating coconut good for your skin? It is an important commercial product obtained from the husk of coconut. Coconut oil, aside from being used in cooking as an ingredient and for frying, is used in soaps, cosmetics, hair oil, and massage oil. Coconut meat can also be cut into larger pieces or strips, dried, and salted to make "coconut chips" or "coco chips". It is still the largest producer of coconut oil and copra, accounting for 64% of the global production. According to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, the coconut and African oil palms have important roles in international trade as sources of vegetable oil and fat. [173] In the foothills of the temple town of Palani, before going to worship Murugan for the Ganesha, coconuts are broken at a place marked for the purpose. Coconut oil and milk are ingredients in cooking, frying, soaps and cosmetics, and foods like margarine and popcorn. This pattern coincides with the known trade routes of Austronesian sailors. Updates? He took the term from the Arabs, who called it jawz hind, translating to 'Indian nut'. It is offered during worship to a Hindu god or goddess. Rich in fiber and MCTs, it may offer a number of benefits, including improved heart health, weight loss, and digestion. [34][35][36][37] Coco and coconut apparently came from 1521 encounters by Portuguese and Spanish explorers with Pacific Islanders, with the coconut shell reminding them of a ghost or witch in Portuguese folklore called coco (also cca). Neera has a low glycemic count at 35 compared to cane sugar or sugarcane juice that has a glycemic count of 80. economic importance of coconut. [112] Proteins from coconut may cause food allergy, including anaphylaxis. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the markets oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Its fruits are similar to the coconut, but smaller. The decoration of foots is astringent and is used as mouth was and gargle. The Hindu goddess of well-being and wealth, Lakshmi, is often shown holding a coconut. What are 10 uses for a coconut? Fishermen give an offering of coconut to the sea to celebrate the beginning of a new fishing season. Coconut (Cocos nucifera). However, they can be eaten anytime after seven months (1, 2). Coconut water serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during its nuclear phase of development. Some cultivars such as 'Fiji dwarf' form a large bulb at the lower stem and others are cultivated to produce very sweet coconut water with orange-colored husks (king coconut) used entirely in fruit stalls for drinking (Sri Lanka, India). However, several states like Assam, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tripura, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh have emerged as non-traditional areas for the cultivation of coconut. de Lourdes Arruzazabala, M.; Molina, V.; Ms, R.; Carbajal, D.; Marrero, D.; Gonzlez, V.; Rodrguez, E. (2007). [64], The dwarf coconut cultivars are fully domesticated, in contrast to tall cultivars which display greater diversity in terms of domestication (and lack thereof). Very very educational many thanx for your elaborate description.Raheem, Your email address will not be published. The tender nut supplies coconut water, a popular thirst quencher of health and hygienic value. They grow best near sea level, within 15 degrees of the Equator. The shells of the coconut can also be used to create charcoal, which has a variety of industrial and domestic uses. Since then, numerous other fossils of similar fruits were recovered throughout New Zealand from the Eocene, Oligocene, and possibly the Holocene. In Johann Vollmann and Istvan Rajcan (Eds.). Economic theory posits that economic welfare is the total benefit available to society provided by various economic transaction and situation (Economic Online, 2014). For for the bucking horse, see. [158], The leftover fiber from coconut oil and coconut milk production, coconut meal, is used as livestock feed. 2,0004,000 adventitious roots may grow, each about 1cm (12in) large. [183] Another early mention of the coconut dates back to the "One Thousand and One Nights" story of Sinbad the Sailor wherein he bought and sold a coconut during his fifth voyage. [131][86], Coconut milk powder, a protein-rich powder can be processed from coconut milk following centrifugation, separation, and spray drying. Use aloe vera to keep skin strong and healthy. Perianth Tepals 6 arranged in two whorls of three each, persistent, and polyphyllous showing imbricate aestivation in both the whorls. The milk or cream obtained by squeezing the granted kernel diluteded in water is sued in many preparations. The earliest Cocos-like fossil to be found was "Cocos"zeylanica, a fossil species described from small fruits, around 3.5cm (1+12in) 1.3 to 2.5cm (12 to 1in) in size, recovered from the Miocene (~23 to 5.3 million years ago) of New Zealand in 1926. [23] The root system consists of an abundance of thin roots that grow outward from the plant near the surface. [104], In Goa, the coconut tree has been reclassified by the government as a palm (rather than a tree), enabling farmers and developers to clear land with fewer restrictions and without needing permission from the forest department before cutting a coconut tree.[105][106]. and early germination on the palm (vivipary) was important. What are the physical characteristics of a coconut? Coconuts are grown in more than 93 countries in the world and therefore there is considerable scope to develop coir industry in further countries. Furthermore, the exports of coconut products serve as the nation's prime foreign exchange earner. Whether you are starting your first company or you are a dedicated entrepreneur diving into a new venture, Bizfluent is here to equip you with the tactics, tools and information to establish and run your ventures. Rajamohan T. Clinical Biochemistry. In comparison, mature coconuts with the husk intact can be stored for three to five months at normal room temperature . [136][137] In the Philippines, sweetened reduced coconut milk is marketed as coconut syrup and is used for various desserts. They usually remain genetically isolated when introduced to new regions, making it possible to trace their origins. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. The coconut tree is the official state tree of Kerala, India. The traditional coconut farming in these countries is an integral part of their life, culture and identity. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk or coconut oil. Copra is the dried meat of the seed and after processing produces coconut oil and coconut meal. Coconut plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of India. It has a crunchy watery texture and a slightly sweet taste. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Nevin KG. According to epidemiological research published in 1981, a group of Polynesians for whom coconut represented 60% of the daily diet had no evidence of heart disease or hypercholesterolemia, despite the high lauric and myristic acid intake. In many parts of the world, the cultivation and sale of coconuts is a major source of income, especially for those living in rural areas. In India, the woven coconut leaves are used to build wedding marquees, especially in the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Coconut water is LIKELY SAFE for most adults when consumed as a drink. After the first six to nine years, the coconut palm bears fruit, producing roughly 50 fruits per tree per year, up to 300. (1993). From here, island-hopping via coral atolls lining the Tethys Sea, potentially boosted by the ocean currents at the time, would have proved crucial to dispersal, eventually allowing ancestral coconuts to reach India. In Asia, coconut shells are also used as bowls and in the manufacture of various handicrafts, including buttons carved from dried shell. However, the locations of the admixture events are limited to Madagascar and coastal east Africa, and exclude the Seychelles. They include morphotaxa like Palmoxylon sundaran, Palmoxylon insignae, and Palmocarpon cocoides. The fruit however was compacted in the fossilization process and it was not possible to determine if it had the diagnostic three pores that characterize members of the tribe Cocoseae. Production is based in Southern Asia, Central and South America, Oceania and southern Africa; Asia accounts for 84 percent. It takes around 6,000 full-grown coconuts to produce one tonne of copra. They need year round warmth and moisture to grow well and fruit. These are grown for recreational purposes or as an income generator. What are the health benefits of coconut water? It also promotes scalp health by fighting against insect bite, lice and dandruff. Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation. The tender coconutis witnessing a surge in sales in the country. Cocos-like fossils of fruits include "Cocos" intertrappeansis, "Cocos" pantii, and "Cocos" sahnii. [180], According to urban legend, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks annually. Adsule, and S.S. Kadam. Wiki User. De-husked coconuts typically weigh around 750 to 850 grams (1lb 10oz to 1lb 14oz). However, Cocos is not thought to be indigenous to South America, and the highest genetic diversity is present in Asian Cocos, indicating that at least the modern species Cocos nucifera is native to there. Coconut is grown in more than20.88 lakhha in the country with an estimated22167.45 million nuts during 2015-16with an average productivity of10614 nuts per ha. They need annual rainfall of at least 120cm, temperatures from 70 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and sandy, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. Flowering occurs continuously. Coconut is an important tree crop with diverse end-users and employment generation potentials. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. One of their first uses of the coconut was to produce cooking oil. Coconut assumes considerable significance in the national economy of coconut-growing countries in view of rural employment and income generation. However, admixture, the transfer of genetic material, evidently occurred between the two populations. Coconut palms are hard to establish in dry climates, and cannot grow there without frequent irrigation; in drought conditions, the new leaves do not open well, and older leaves may become desiccated; fruit also tends to be shed. In Australia, a Cocos-like fossil fruit, measuring 10cm 9.5cm (3+78in 3+34in), were recovered from the Chinchilla Sand Formation dated to the latest Pliocene or basal Pleistocene. It also had ceremonial importance in pre-colonial animistic religions. A coco chocolatero was a cup used to serve small quantities of beverages (such as chocolate drinks) between the 17th and 19th centuries in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela. In Coco Coir Global, we are honored to be the leading coir substrate manufacturing company with top-grade products that are trusted and confirmed by many customers around the world. Elzebroek, A.T.G. [43], The specific name nucifera is derived from the Latin words nux (nut) and fera (bearing), for 'nut-bearing'. Fresh husks contain more tannin than old husks. The coconut's obscure origin in foreign lands led to the notion of using cups made from the shell to neutralise poisoned drinks. They also include fossil fruits that have been tentatively identified as modern Cocos nucifera. Why is coconut called the Tree of Life? [91][85] In other areas, like in Papua New Guinea, coconuts are simply collected when they fall to the ground.

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