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Address to the Slaves of the United States. The specific issue that sparked the Webster-Hayne debate was a proposal by the state of Connecticut which said that the federal government should halt its surveying of land west of the Mississippi and focus on selling the land it had already surveyed to private citizens. But, sir, we will pass over all this. Crittenden Compromise Plan & Reception | What was the Crittenden Compromise? Competing Conceptions of Union and Ordered Liberty in . While the debaters argued about slavery, the economy, protection tariffs, and western land, the real implication was the meaning of the United States Constitution. Noah grew a vineyard, got drunk on wine and lay naked. 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Their own power over their own instrument remains. This is the true constitutional consolidation. I spoke, sir, of the ordinance of 1787, which prohibited slavery, in all future times, northwest of the Ohio,[6] as a measure of great wisdom and foresight; and one which had been attended with highly beneficial and permanent consequences. . I know that there are some persons in the part of the country from which the honorable member comes, who habitually speak of the Union in terms of indifference, or even of disparagement. Webster's speech aroused the latent spirit of patriotism. What interest, asks he, has South Carolina in a canal in Ohio? Sir, this very question is full of significance. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Thousands of these deluded victims of fanaticism were seduced into the enjoyment of freedom in our Northern cities. This debate exposed the critically different understandings of the nature of the American. We resolved to make the best of the situation in which Providence had placed us, and to fulfil the high trust which had developed upon us as the owners of slaves, in the only way in which such a trust could be fulfilled, without spreading misery and ruin throughout the land. . They ordained such a government; they gave it the name of a Constitution, and therein they established a distribution of powers between this, their general government, and their several state governments. An undefinable dread now went abroad that men were planning against the peace of the nation, that the Union was in danger; and citizens looked more closely after its safety and welfare. The Revelation on Celestial Marriage: Trouble Amon Hon. The following states came from the territory north and west of the Ohio river: Ohio (1803), Indiana (1816), Illinois (1818), Michigan (1837), Wisconsin (1848) and Minnesota (1858). The answer is Daniel Webster, one of the greatest orators in US Senate history, a successful attorney and Senator from Massachusetts and a complex and enigmatic man. To them, the more money the central government made, the stronger it became and the more it took rights away from the states to govern themselves. Hayne quotes from the Virginia Resolution (1798), authored by Thomas Jefferson, to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798). During his first years in Congress, Webster railed against President James Madison 's war policies, invoking a states' rights argument to oppose a conscription bill that went down to defeat.. . So they could finish selling the lands already surveyed. The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions Add Song of the Spinners from the Lowell Offering. The gentleman has made an eloquent appeal to our hearts in favor of union. In January 1830, a debate on the nature of sovereignty in the American federal union occurred in the United States Senate between Senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina. . . Jackson himself would raise a national toast for 'the Union' later that year. Now, I wish to be informedhowthis state interference is to be put in practice, without violence, bloodshed, and rebellion. Speech on the Repeal of the Missouri Compromise. During the course of the debates, the senators touched on pressing political issues of the daythe tariff, Western lands, internal improvementsbecause behind these and others were two very different understandings of the origin and nature of the American Union. As sovereign states, each state could individually interpret the Constitution and even leave the Union altogether. The excited crowd which had packed the Senate chamber, filling every seat on the floor and in the galleries, and all the available standing room, dispersed after the orator's last grand apostrophe had died away in the air, with national pride throbbing at the heart. And, therefore, I cannot but feel regret at the expression of such opinions as the gentleman has avowed; because I think their obvious tendency is to weaken the bond of our connection. At the foundation of the constitution of these new Northwestern states, . Religious Views: Letter to the Editor of the Illin Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Douglas Faction), (Northern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. That led into a debate on the economy, in which Webster attacked the institution of slavery and Hayne labeled the policy of protectionist tariffs as the consolidation of a strong central government, which he called the greatest of evils. . Let's start by looking at the United States around 1830. How do Webster and Hayne differ in regard to their understandings of the proper relationship among the several states and between the states and the national government? Webster denied it and, attempting to draw Hayne into a direct confrontation, disparaged slavery and attacked the constitutional scruples of southern nullifiers and their apparent willingness to calculate the Union's value in monetary terms. On that system, Carolina has no more interest in a canal in Ohio than in Mexico. Tariff of 1816 History & Significance | What was the Tariff of 1816? Who doesn't? This will co-operate with the feelings of patriotism to induce a state to avoid any measures calculated to endanger that connection. . "The most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress" may have been Webster's 1830 "Second Reply to Hayne", a South Carolina Senator who had echoed John C. Calhoun's case for state's rights.. It is only regarded as a possible means of good; or on the other hand, as a possible means of evil. Andrew Jackson & the Nullification Crisis | The Hermitage Webster-Hayne Debate. . TEST: THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT Flashcards | Quizlet Since as Vice President and President of the Senate, Calhoun could not take place in the debate, Hayne represented the pro-nullification point-of-view. Who Won the Webster-Hayne Debate of 1830? - Abbeville Institute Let us look at the historical facts. But the gentleman apprehends that this will make the Union a rope of sand. Sir, I have shown that it is a power indispensably necessary to the preservation of the constitutional rights of the states, and of the people. Webster realized that if the social, political, and economic elite of Massachusetts and the Northeast were to once again lay claim to national leadership, he had to justify New England's previous history of sectionalism within a framework of nationalistic progression. They cherish no deep and fixed regard for it, flowing from a thorough conviction of its absolute and vital necessity to our welfare. The action, the drama, the suspensewho needs the movies? We had no other general government. Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 19, 1830. Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. And here it will be necessary to go back to the origin of the federal government. The discussion took a wide range, going back to topics that had agitated the country before the Constitution was formed. I regard domestic slavery as one of the greatest of evils, both moral and political. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you . But it was the honor of a caste; and the struggling bread-winners of society, the great commonalty, he little studied or understood. It impressed on the soil itself, while it was yet a wilderness, an incapacity to bear up any other than free men. In this moment in American history, the federal government had relatively little power. This statement, though strong, is no stronger than the strictest truth will warrant. To all this, sir, I was disposed most cordially to respond. . Sir, if we are, then vain will be our attempt to maintain the Constitution under which we sit. The Webster-Hayne Debate: Defining Nationhood in the Early American He accused them of a desire to check the growth of the West in the interests of protection. I must now beg to ask, sir, whence is this supposed right of the states derived?where do they find the power to interfere with the laws of the Union? I admit that there is an ultimate violent remedy, above the Constitution, and in defiance of the Constitution, which may be resorted to, when a revolution is to be justified. On that system, Ohio and Carolina are different governments, and different countries, connected here, it is true, by some slight and ill-defined bond of union, but, in all main respects, separate and diverse. It develops the gentlemans whole political system; and its answer expounds mine. I wish to see no new powers drawn to the general government; but I confess I rejoice in whatever tends to strengthen the bond that unites us, and encourages the hope that our Union may be perpetual. . I said, only, that it was highly wise and useful in legislating for the northwestern country, while it was yet a wilderness, to prohibit the introduction of slaves: and added, that I presumed, in the neighboring state of Kentucky, there was no reflecting and intelligent gentleman, who would doubt, that if the same prohibition had been extended, at the same early period, over that commonwealth, her strength and population would, at this day, have been far greater than they are. . All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. . Webster's articulation of the concept of the Union went on to shape American attitudes about the federal government. Are we in that condition still? Webster stood in favor of Connecticut's proposal that the federal government should stop surveying western land and sell the land it had already surveyed to boost it's revenue and strengthen it's authority. . Post-Civil War, as the nation rebuilt and reconciled the balance between federal and state government, federal law became the supreme law of the land, just as Webster desired. Daniel Webster, in a dramatic speech, showed the danger of the states' rights doctrine, which permitted each State to decide for itself which laws were unconstitutional, claiming it would lead to civil war. . . In many respects, his speech betrays the mentality of Massachusetts conservatives seeking to regain national leadership and advance their particular ideas about the nation. . . Create your account. . We found that we had to deal with a people whose physical, moral, and intellectual habits and character, totally disqualified them from the enjoyment of the blessings of freedom. The Webster Hayne Debate. . Would it be safe to confide such a treasure to the keeping of our national rulers? In the course of my former remarks, I took occasion to deprecate, as one of the greatest of evils, the consolidation of this government. . All regulated governments, all free governments, have been broken up by similar disinterested and well-disposed interference! . Union, of itself, is considered by the disciples of this school as hardly a good. Hayne, South Carolina's foremost Senator, was the chosen champion; and the cause of his State, both in its right and wrong sides, could have found no abler exponent while [Vice President] Calhoun's official station kept him from the floor. Available in hard copy and for download. Address to the People of the United States, by the What are the main points of difference between Webster and Hayne, especially on the question of the nature of the Union and the Constitution? We all know that civil institutions are established for the public benefit, and that when they cease to answer the ends of their existence, they may be changed. Senator Foote, of Connecticut, submitted a proposition inquiring into the expediency of limiting the sales of public lands to those already in the market. . Sir, there exists, moreover, a deep and settled conviction of the benefits, which result from a close connection of all the states, for purposes of mutual protection and defense. I understand him to maintain this right, as a right existing under the Constitution; not as a right to overthrow it, on the ground of extreme necessity, such as would justify violent revolution. The senator from Massachusetts, in denouncing what he is pleased to call the Carolina doctrine,[5] has attempted to throw ridicule upon the idea that a state has any constitutional remedy by the exercise of its sovereign authority against a gross, palpable, and deliberate violation of the Constitution. He called it an idle or a ridiculous notion, or something to that effect; and added, that it would make the Union a mere rope of sand. The honorable member himself is not, I trust, and can never be, one of these. . The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches presented to the United States Senate by senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. By means of missionaries and political tracts, the scheme was in a great measure successful. . The United States' democratic process was evolving and its leaders were putting the newly ratified Constitution into practice. . We could not send them back to the shores from whence their fathers had been taken; their numbers forbade the thought, even if we did not know that their condition here is infinitely preferable to what it possibly could be among the barren sands and savage tribes of Africa; and it was wholly irreconcilable with all our notions of humanity to tear asunder the tender ties which they had formed among us, to gratify the feelings of a false philanthropy. Those who would confine the federal government strictly within the limits prescribed by the Constitutionwho would preserve to the states and the people all powers not expressly delegatedwho would make this a federal and not a national Unionand who, administering the government in a spirit of equal justice, would make it a blessing and not a curse. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Broadside Advertisement for Runaway Slave, Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of a Free-Soiler, Free & Slave-holding States and Territories. Allow me to say, as a preliminary remark, that I call this the South Carolina doctrine, only because the gentleman himself has so denominated it. U.S. Senate: The Most Famous Senate Speech If this Constitution, sir, be the creature of state Legislatures, it must be admitted that it has obtained a strange control over the volitions of its creators. Sir, the opinion which the honorable gentleman maintains, is a notion, founded in a total misapprehension, in my judgment, of the origin of this government, and of the foundation on which it stands. The 1830 Webster-Hayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. An accomplished politician, Hayne was an eloquent orator who enthralled his audiences. Rush-Bagot Treaty Structure & Effects | What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? . Enveloping all of these changes was an ever-growing tension over the economy, as southern states firmly defended slavery and northern states advocated for a more industrial, slave-free market. . Certainly, sir, I am, and ever have been of that opinion. See what I mean? Southern ships and Southern sailors were not the instruments of bringing slaves to the shores of America, nor did our merchants reap the profits of that accursed traffic.. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. If I could, by a mere act of my will, put at the disposal of the federal government any amount of treasure which I might think proper to name, I should limit the amount to the means necessary for the legitimate purposes of the government. The Virginia Resolution asserted that when the federal government undertook the deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of powers not granted to it in the constitution, states had the right and duty to interpose their authority to prevent this evil. What was the main issue of the Webster-Hayne debate? But, according to the gentlemans reading, the object of the Constitution was to consolidate the government, and the means would seem to be, the promotion of injustice, causing domestic discord, and depriving the states and the people of the blessings of liberty forever. Correct answers: 2 question: Which of the following is the best definition of a hypothesis? Sir, there does not exist, on the face of the whole earth, a population so poor, so wretched, so vile, so loathsome, so utterly destitute of all the comforts, conveniences, and decencies of life, as the unfortunate blacks of Philadelphia, and New York, and Boston. Prejudice Not Natural: The American Colonization "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? Sir, I deprecate and deplore this tone of thinking and acting. If the government of the United States be the agent of the state governments, then they may control it, provided they can agree in the manner of controlling it; if it be the agent of the people, then the people alone can control it, restrain it, modify, or reform it. . The Curious Case of Evangelist Pat Robertson | Winter Watch . . . It was plenary then, and never having been surrendered, must be plenary now. South Carolinas Declaration of the Causes of Secession (1860), Jefferson Daviss Inaugural Address (1861), Documents in Detail: The Webster-Hayne Debates, Remarks in Congress on the Tariff of Abominations, Check out our collection of primary source readers. I understand him to insist, that if the exigency of the case, in the opinion of any state government, require it, such state government may, by its own sovereign authority, annul an act of the general government, which it deems plainly and palpably unconstitutional.

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